Journal Article FZJ-2024-06512

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Simulation of perovskite thin layer crystallization with varying evaporation rates

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2025
RSC Publ. Cambridge

Materials Horizons 12(2), 555-564 () [10.1039/D4MH00957F]

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Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are promising potential competitors to established photovoltaic technologies due to their superior efficiency and low-cost solution processability. However, the limited understanding of the crystallization behaviour hinders the technological transition from lab-scale cells to modules. In this work, advanced phase field (PF) simulations of solution-based film formation are used for the first time to obtain mechanistic and morphological information that is experimentally challenging to access. The well-known transition from a film with many pinholes, for a low evaporation rate, to a smooth film, for high evaporation rates, is recovered in simulation and experiment. The simulation results provide us with an unprecedented understanding of the crystallization process. They show that supersaturation and crystallization confinement effects determine the final morphology. The ratio of evaporation to crystallization rates turns out to be the key parameter driving the final morphology. Increasing this ratio is a robust design rule for obtaining high-quality films, which we expect to be valid independently of the material type.

Classification:

Contributing Institute(s):
  1. Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg Erneuerbare Energien (IET-2)
Research Program(s):
  1. 1212 - Materials and Interfaces (POF4-121) (POF4-121)
  2. 1214 - Modules, stability, performance and specific applications (POF4-121) (POF4-121)

Appears in the scientific report 2025
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Medline ; Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 ; OpenAccess ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 10 ; JCR ; National-Konsortium ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection
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 Record created 2024-11-27, last modified 2025-03-10


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