Journal Article FZJ-2025-02241

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Tomographic identification of all molecular orbitals in a wide binding-energy range

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2025
Inst. Woodbury, NY

Physical review / B 111(16), 165402 () [10.1103/PhysRevB.111.165402]

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Abstract: In the past decade, photoemission orbital tomography (POT) has evolved into a powerful tool to investigate the electronic structure of organic molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Here we show that POT allows for the comprehensive experimental identification of all molecular orbitals in a substantial binding energy range of more than 10 eV. Making use of the angular distribution of photoelectrons as a function of binding-energy, we exemplify this by extracting an orbital-resolved projected density of states for 15 𝜋 and 23 𝜎 orbitals from the experimental data of the prototypical organic molecule bisanthene (C28⁢H14) on a Cu(110) surface. These experimental results for an essentially complete set of orbitals within the given binding-energy range serve as stringent benchmarks for electronic structure methods, which we illustrate by performing density functional calculations employing four frequently used exchange-correlation functionals. By computing the respective molecular-orbital-projected densities of states, a one-to-one comparison with experimental data for an unprecedented number of 38 orbital energies became possible. The quantitative analysis of our data reveals that the range-separated hybrid functional HSE performs best for the investigated organic/metal interface. At a more fundamental level, the remarkable agreement between the experimental and the Kohn-Sham orbital energies over a binding-energy range larger than 10 eV suggests that—perhaps unexpectedly—Kohn-Sham orbitals approximate Dyson orbitals, which would rigorously account for the electron extraction process in photoemission spectroscopy but are notoriously difficult to compute, in a much better way than previously thought.

Classification:

Contributing Institute(s):
  1. Quantum Nanoscience (PGI-3)
Research Program(s):
  1. 5213 - Quantum Nanoscience (POF4-521) (POF4-521)
  2. Orbital Cinema - Photoemission Orbital Cinematography: An ultrafast wave function lab (101071259) (101071259)
  3. SFB 1083 A12 - Struktur und Anregungen von hetero-epitaktischen Schichtsystemen aus schwach wechselwirkenden 2D-Materialien und molekularen Schichten (A12) (385975694) (385975694)
  4. CM3 - Controlled Mechanical Manipulation of Molecules (757634) (757634)

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 Record created 2025-04-10, last modified 2025-04-14


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