Review/Journal Article FZJ-2025-04692

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The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update

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2025
Elsevier Science, North-Holland Amsterdam [u.a.]

Physics reports 1143, 1 - 158 () [10.1016/j.physrep.2025.08.002]

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Abstract: We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalousmagnetic moment, aμ, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED andelectroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributionscontinue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Signifi-cant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contributionusing both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations,leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most importantdevelopment since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the $e^+e^− →π^+π^−$ cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersiveevaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combinethe results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCDaverage of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter inthis update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which nowreads $a^{SM}_μ = 116 592 033(62) × 10^{−11} (530 ppb)$. When compared against the currentexperimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1–6 of E989 at Fermilab,one finds $a^{exp}_μ − a^{SM}_μ = 38(63) × 10^{−11}$, which implies that there is no tension betweenthe SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989(127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of thetensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be akey element in this endeavor.

Classification:

Contributing Institute(s):
  1. Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC)
Research Program(s):
  1. 5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation & Data Life Cycle Labs (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) (POF4-511)
  2. MUON - Lattice determination of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment (101054515) (101054515)

Appears in the scientific report 2025
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 Record created 2025-11-26, last modified 2025-12-12


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