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| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Bioaccumulation and Bound-Residue Formation of a Branched 4-Nonylphenol Isomer in the Geophagous Earthworm Metaphire guillelmi in a Rice Paddy Soil |
| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Bioaccumulation and Bound-Residue Formation of a Branched 4-Nonylphenol Isomer in the Geophagous Earthworm Metaphire guillelmi in a Rice Paddy Soil |
| Journal Article | PreJuSER-11693 |
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2010
American Chemical Society
Columbus, Ohio
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1021/es100139w
Abstract: Nonylphenols (NPs) are the breakdown products of the nonionic surfactants nonylphenol ethoxylates and are toxic pollutants. Here we studied the bioaccumulation, elimination, and biotransformation of NP (12.3 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight) in a typical Chinese geophagous earthworm, Metaphire guillelmi, in a rice paddy soil, using 4-[1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpentyl]phenol (4-NP(111)), the main constitute of technical NP, radiolabeled with (14)C. Earthworms rapidly bioaccumulated (14)C-4-NP(111) following a two-compartment first-order kinetics model. At steady state (after 20 days exposure), the normalized biota-soil accumulation factor amounted to 120, and 77% of the accumulated radioactivity were present as nonextractable bound residues. The total radioactivity was eliminated from the earthworm following an availability-adjusted decay model and controlled by the elimination rate of the bound residues (half-life = 22.6 days). The extractable residues consisted mainly of one less-polar metabolite (37%) and polar compounds (50%), including glucuronide conjugates of 4-NP(111) and the metabolite; and free 4-NP(111) accounted for only 9% of the total extractable residues. This study provides the first results of the toxicokinetics and biotransformation of 4-NP in a terrestrial organism, and underlines the significant underestimation of the bioaccumulation and risk assessment based only on free NP in earthworms.
Keyword(s): Agriculture (MeSH) ; Animals (MeSH) ; Autoradiography (MeSH) ; Biodegradation, Environmental (MeSH) ; Biotransformation (MeSH) ; Carbon Radioisotopes (MeSH) ; Chromatography, Thin Layer (MeSH) ; Feeding Behavior: physiology (MeSH) ; Glucuronidase: metabolism (MeSH) ; Isomerism (MeSH) ; Kinetics (MeSH) ; Oligochaeta: metabolism (MeSH) ; Oryza sativa (MeSH) ; Phenols: chemistry (MeSH) ; Phenols: metabolism (MeSH) ; Soil (MeSH) ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Phenols ; Soil ; 4-nonylphenol ; Glucuronidase ; J
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