Heavy quarkonium: progress,  puzzles, and opportunities

Brambilla, N. et al.; Hanhart, C.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1534-9

Journal Article

PreJuSER-18576

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

Brambilla, N. e. a. ; Hanhart, C.FZJ*

2011
Springer Berlin

The European physical journal / C 71, 1534 (2011) [10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1534-9]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/10297 doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1534-9

Abstract: A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations at BESIII, the LHC, RHIC, FAIR, the Super Flavor and/or Tau-Charm factories, JLab, the ILC, and beyond. The list of newly found conventional states expanded to include h(c)(1P), chi(c2)(2P), B-c(+), and eta(b)(1S). In addition, the unexpected and still-fascinating X(3872) has been joined by more than a dozen other charmonium- and bottomonium-like "XYZ" states that appear to lie outside the quark model. Many of these still need experimental confirmation. The plethora of new states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c (c) over bar, b (b) over bar, and b (c) over bar bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. Lattice QCD has grown from a tool with computational possibilities to an industrial-strength effort now dependent more on insight and innovation than pure computational power. New effective field theories for the description of quarkonium in different regimes have been developed and brought to a high degree of sophistication, thus enabling precise and solid theoretical predictions. Many expected decays and transitions have either been measured with precision or for the first time, but the confusing patterns of decays, both above and below open-flavor thresholds, endure and have deepened. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.

Keyword(s): quarkonium: heavy ; heavy ion: scattering ; quarkonium: production ; quark gluon: plasma ; quantum chromodynamics: nonrelativistic ; tetraquark ; Brookhaven RHIC Coll ; BES ; Batavia TEVATRON Coll ; Jefferson Lab ; DESY HERA Stor ; CLEO ; B-factory ; meson: hadron spectroscopy ; quarkonium: decay ; quarkonium: hadron spectroscopy ; lattice field theory ; effective field theory

Classification:

Physics, Particles & Fields

Note: The authors appreciate and acknowledge support for work on this document provided, in part or in whole, bythe US Department of Energy (DOE), under contracts DE-FG02-91-ER40690 (P. Artoisenet), DE-AC02-06-CH11357 (G. T. Bodwin), DE-AC05-06-OR23177 (E. Chudakov and C. Weiss) DE-AC02-07-CH11359, through FNAL, which is operated for DOE by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Grant No. DE-FG02-91-ER40676 (E. Eichten and V. Papadimitriou), DE-AC02-76-SF00515 (A. Gabareen Mokhtar and J.P. Lansberg), DE-AC02-05-CH11231 (S.R. Klein), DE-AC02-98-CH10886 (P. Petreczky and J.W. Qiu), DE-FG02-96-ER41005 (A.A. Petrov), DE-AC52-07-NA27344f (R. Vogt), and DE-FG02-94-ER40823 (M. Voloshin);the German Research Foundation (DFG) Collaborative Research Center 55 (SFB) and the European Union Research Executive Agency (REA) Marie Curie Initial Training Network (www.physik.uni-regensburg.de/STRONGnet), under Grant Agreement PITN-GA-2009-238353 (G. Bali);the European Union Marie Curie Research Training Network (RTN) Flavianet, under Contract MRTN-CT-2006-035482, and the German Research Foundation (DFG) Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe (www.universe-cluster.de) (N. Brambilla and A. Vairo);the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (J. Brodzicka);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants10875155 and 10847001 (C.-H. Chang), 10721063 (K.-T. Chao), 10920101072 and 10845003 (W. Qian), and 10775412, 10825524, and 10935008 (C.-Z. Yuan);the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, under Grant 2009CB825200 (K.-T. Chao);The German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant GZ 436 RUS 113/769/0-3 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) under grants 08-02-13516 and 08-02-91969 (S. Eidelman);the US National Science Foundation (NSF), under contracts PHY-07-56474 (A.D. Frawley), PHY-07-58312 and PHY-09-70024 (B.K. Heltsley), CAREER Award PHY-05-47794 (A. Petrov), and PHY-05-55660 (R. Vogt);Science and Engineering Research Canada (NSERC) (X. Garcia i Tormo);the Helmholtz Association, through funds provided to the virtual institute Spin and strong QCD (VH-VI-231), the German Research Foundation (DFG) (under grants SFB/TR 16 and 436 RUS 113/991/0-1) and the European Community-Research Infrastructure Integrating Activity Study of Strongly Interacting Matter (acronym HadronPhysics2, Grant Agreement 227431) under the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (C. Hanhart);the Belgian American Educational Foundation and the Francqui Foundation (J.P. Lansberg);the Belgian Federal Science Policy (IAP 6/11) (F. Maltoni);the Brazil National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP) (F.S. Navarra and M. Nielson);the World Class University (WCU) project of the National Research Foundation of Korea, under contract R32-2008-000-10155-0 (S. Olsen);the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" (P. Pakhlov and G. Pakhlova);the France-China Particle Physics Laboratory (FCPPL) (W. Qian); the French National Research Agency (ANR) under Contract "BcLHCb ANR-07-JCJC-0146" (P. Robbe);the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICNN), under grant FPA2008-02878 and Generalitat Valenciana under grant GVPROMETEO2010-056 (M.A. Sanchis-Lozano);the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under contracts SFRH/BPD/42343/2007 and SFRH/BPD/42138/2007 (P. Faccioli and H.K. Wohri); 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vairo; 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vairo

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