Journal Article

FZJ-2026-02433

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Multiqubit Rydberg Gates for Quantum Error Correction

Locher, D. F. (Corresponding author)FZJ* ; Old, J.FZJ* ; Brechtelsbauer, K. ; Holschbach, J. ; Büchler, H. P. ; Weber, S. ; Müller, M. (Corresponding author)FZJ*

2026
American Physical Society College Park, MD

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1103/j8fm-24cf  doi:10.34734/FZJ-2026-02433

Abstract: Multiqubit gates that involve three or more qubits are usually thought to be of little significance for fault-tolerant quantum error correction because single gate faults can lead to errors of high Pauli weight. However, recent works have shown that multiqubit gates can be beneficial for measurement-free fault-tolerant quantum error correction and for fault-tolerant stabilizer readout in unrotated surface codes. In this work, we investigate multiqubit Rydberg gates that are useful for fault-tolerant quantum error correction in single-species neutral-atom platforms and can be implemented with global laser pulses that do not individually address atomic sites. We develop an open-source Python package to generate analytical, few-parameter pulses that implement the desired gates while minimizing gate errors due to Rydberg-state decay. The tool also allows us to identify parameter-optimal pulses, characterized by a minimal parameter count for the pulse ansatz. Measurement-free quantum error correction protocols require controlled-controlled-Z (CCZ) gates, which we analyze for atoms arranged in symmetric and asymmetric configurations. We investigate the performance of these schemes for various single-, two-, and three-qubit gate error rates, showing that break-even performance of measurement-free quantum error correction is within reach of current hardware. Moreover, we study Floquet quantum error correction protocols that comprise two-body stabilizer measurements. Those can be realized using global three-qubit gates, and we show that this can lead to a significant reduction in shuttling operations. Simulations with realistic circuit-level noise indicate that applying three-qubit gates for stabilizer measurements in Floquet codes can yield competitive logical qubit performance in experimentally relevant error regimes.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Theoretische Nanoelektronik (PGI-2)

Research Program(s):

1. 5221 - Advanced Solid-State Qubits and Qubit Systems (POF4-522) (POF4-522)
2. ML4Q - Machine Learning for Quantum (101120240) (101120240)

Appears in the scientific report 2026

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