Journal Article

FZJ-2020-04786

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Viral rhodopsins 1 are an unique family of light-gated cation channels

Zabelskii, D.FZJ* ; Alekseev, A.FZJ* ; Kovalev, K.FZJ* ; Rankovic, V. ; Balandin, T.FZJ* ; Soloviov, D. ; Bratanov, D.FZJ* ; Savelyeva, E.FZJ* ; Podolyak, E. ; Volkov, D.FZJ* ; Vaganova, S.FZJ* ; Astashkin, R. ; Chizhov, I. ; Yutin, N. ; Rulev, M. ; Popov, A. ; Eria-Oliveira, A.-S. ; Rokitskaya, T. ; Mager, T. ; Antonenko, Y. ; Rosselli, R. ; Armeev, G. ; Shaitan, K. ; Vivaudou, M. ; Büldt, G. ; Rogachev, A. ; Rodriguez-Valera, F. ; Kirpichnikov, M. ; Moser, T. ; Offenhäusser, A.FZJ* ; Willbold, D.FZJ* ; Koonin, E. ; Bamberg, E. ; Gordeliy, V. (Corresponding author)FZJ*

2020
Nature Publishing Group UK [London]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/26339  doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19457-7

Abstract: Phytoplankton is the base of the marine food chain as well as oxygen and carbon cycles and thus plays a global role in climate and ecology. Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses that infect phytoplankton organisms and regulate the phytoplankton dynamics encompass genes of rhodopsins of two distinct families. Here, we present a functional and structural characterization of two proteins of viral rhodopsin group 1, OLPVR1 and VirChR1. Functional analysis of VirChR1 shows that it is a highly selective, Na+/K+-conducting channel and, in contrast to known cation channelrhodopsins, it is impermeable to Ca2+ ions. We show that, upon illumination, VirChR1 is able to drive neural firing. The 1.4 Å resolution structure of OLPVR1 reveals remarkable differences from the known channelrhodopsins and a unique ion-conducting pathway. Thus, viral rhodopsins 1 represent a unique, large group of light-gated channels (viral channelrhodopsins, VirChR1s). In nature, VirChR1s likely mediate phototaxis of algae enhancing the host anabolic processes to support virus reproduction, and therefore, might play a major role in global phytoplankton dynamics. Moreover, VirChR1s have unique potential for optogenetics as they lack possibly noxious Ca2+ permeability.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Strukturbiochemie (IBI-7)
2. Bioelektronik (IBI-3)

Research Program(s):

1. 581 - Biotechnology (POF3-581) (POF3-581)
2. 552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552) (POF3-552)

Appears in the scientific report 2020

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